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Coccomyces dentatus
''Coccomyces dentatus'' is a species of fungus in the family Rhytismataceae. A widespread species, particularly in temperate areas, it colonizes the dead fallen leaves of vascular plants, particularly oak and chestnut. The fungus apothecia, which form in the epidermal layer of the leaf host, resemble dark hexagonal spots scattered on a multi-colored mosaic pattern bounded by thin black lines. When mature, the apothecia open by triangular flaps to release spores. The anamorph form of ''C. dentatus'' is ''Tricladiopsis flagelliformis''. Lookalike species can be distinguished by the shape of the apothecia, or by microscopic characteristics.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first described scientifically as ''Phacidium dentatum'' by Johann Karl Schmidt in 1817.〔 Italian botanist Giuseppe De Notaris moved it to ''Lophodermium'' in 1847.〔 In 1877, Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred it to ''Coccomyces'', giving it its current name.〔 The variety ''C. dentatus'' var. ''hexagonus'', described by Otto Penzig and Saccardo from West Java, Indonesia in 1901,〔 is sometimes applied to western US collections with large six-sided apothecia. However, its status is unclear, as the type is no longer in Saccardo's herbarium at the University of Padua, and Penzig's collection was destroyed during World War II. ''C. dentatus'' f. ''lauri'' was described by Heinrich Rehm in 1901, for a collection found growing on a species of Lauraceae in Rio Grande do Sul (southern Brazil).〔 According to English botanist Martha Sherwood, who revised the genus ''Coccomyces'' in 1980, it is indistinguishable from the main type and should be considered synonymous.〔
One author regarded ''C. dentatus'' as a synonym of ''Coccomyces coronatus'',〔 although later authors have treated them separately.〔〔 In 1923, Carlos Luigi Spegazzini tentatively reported the presence of ''C. dentatus'' on fallen ''Nothofagus'' leaves in Tierra del Fuego (southern South America); this species was later identified as a distinct species, ''C. australis''.〔
In 1982, Enrique Descals described an aquatic hyphomycete ''Tricladiopsis flagelliformis'' growing from submerged leaves found in the shoreline of Windermere (Cumbria, England), which he tentatively assigned as the anamorph state of ''Coccomyces dentatus''.〔 The specific epithet ''flagelliformis'' (from the Latin ''flagellum'' "whip" and ''formis'' "shape")〔 refers to the "whip-like" form of the conidium.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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